Preface
John Gash, Michael Keller, Mercedes Bustamante, and Pedro Silva Dias ix
Section I: People and Land Change
People and Environment in Amazonia: The LBA Experience and Other Perspectives
M. Batistella, D. S. Alves, E. F. Moran, C. Souza Jr., R. Walker, and S. Walsh 1
The Changing Rates and Patterns of Deforestation and Land Use in Brazilian Amazonia
Diogenes S. Alves, Douglas C. Morton, Mateus Batistella, Dar A. Roberts, and Carlos Souza Jr 11
Selective Logging and Its Relation to Deforestation
Gregory P. Asner, Michael Keller, Marco Lentini, Frank Merry, and Carlos Souza Jr 25
The Spatial Distribution and Interannual Variability of Fire in Amazonia
Wilfrid Schroeder, Ane Alencar, Eugenio Arima, and Alberto Setzer 43
The Expansion of Intensive Agriculture and Ranching in Brazilian Amazonia
Robert Walker, Ruth DeFries, Maria del Carmen Vera-Diaz, Yosio Shimabukuro, and Adriano Venturieri 61
Scenarios of Future Amazonian Landscapes: Econometric and Dynamic Simulation Models
Stephen Perz, Joseph P. Messina, Eustaquio Reis, Robert Walker, and Stephen J. Walsh 83
Road Impacts in Brazilian Amazonia
Alexander Pfaff, Alisson Barbieri, Thomas Ludewigs, Frank Merry, Stephen Perz, and Eustaquio Reis 101
Small Farmers and Deforestation in Amazonia
Eduardo S. Brondízio, Anthony Cak, Marcellus M. Caldas, Carlos Mena, Richard Bilsborrow, Celia T. Futemma, Thomas Ludewigs, Emilio F. Moran, and Mateus Batistella 117
Section II: Atmosphere and Climate
Understanding the Climate of Amazonia: Progress From LBA
Carlos A. Nobre, José A. Marengo, and Paulo Artaxo 145
Characteristics of Amazonian Climate: Main Features
Carlos A. Nobre, Guillermo O. Obregón, José A. Marengo, Rong Fu, and German Poveda 149
The Amazonian Boundary Layer and Mesoscale Circulations
A. K. Betts, G. Fisch, C. von Randow, M. A. F. Silva Dias, J. C. P. Cohen, R. da Silva, and D. R. Fitzjarrald 163
Natural Volatile Organic Compound Emissions From Plants and Their Roles in Oxidant Balance and Particle Formation
Jürgen Kesselmeier, Alex Guenther, Thorsten Hoffmann, Maria Teresa Piedade, and Jörg Warnke 183
Biomass Burning in Amazonia: Emissions, Long-Range Transport of Smoke and Its Regional and Remote Impacts
K. M. Longo, S. R. Freitas, M. O. Andreae, R. Yokelson, and P. Artaxo 207
Aerosol Particles in Amazonia: Their Composition, Role in the Radiation Balance, Cloud Formation, and Nutrient Cycles
Paulo Artaxo, Luciana V. Rizzo, Melina Paixão, Silvia de Lucca, Paulo H. Oliveira, Luciene L. Lara, Kenia T. Wiedemann, Meinrat O. Andreae, Brent Holben, Joel Schafer, Alexandre L. Correia, and Theotônio M. Pauliquevis 233
Modeling the Regional and Remote Climatic Impact of Deforestation
M. A. Silva Dias, R. Avissar, and P. Silva Dias 251
Evapotranspiration
Humberto R. da Rocha, Antonio O. Manzi, and Jim Shuttleworth 261
Global Warming and Climate Change in Amazonia: Climate-Vegetation Feedback and Impacts on Water Resources
José Marengo, Carlos A. Nobre, Richard A. Betts, Peter M. Cox, Gilvan Sampaio, and Luis Salazar 273
Section III: Terrestrial Ecosystems
Biogeochemistry and Ecology of Terrestrial Ecosystems of Amazonia
Yadvinder Malhi and Eric A. Davidson 293
Nutrient Limitations to Secondary Forest Regrowth
Eric A. Davidson and Luiz A. Martinelli 299
The Maintenance of Soil Fertility in Amazonian Managed Systems
Flávio J. Luizão, Philip M. Fearnside, Carlos E. P. Cerri, and Johannes Lehmann 311
Sources and Sinks of Trace Gases in Amazonia and the Cerrado
M. M. C. Bustamante, M. Keller, and D. A. Silva 337
The Production, Storage, and Flow of Carbon in Amazonian Forests
Yadvinder Malhi, Sassan Saatchi, Cecile Girardin, and Luiz E. O. C. Aragão 355
Changes in Amazonian Forest Biomass, Dynamics, and Composition, 1980-2002
Oliver L. Phillips, Niro Higuchi, Simone Vieira, Timothy R. Baker, Kuo-Jung Chao, and Simon L. Lewis 373
Ecosystem Carbon Fluxes and Amazonian Forest Metabolism
Scott Saleska, Humberto da Rocha, Bart Kruijt, and Antonio Nobre 389
The Regional Carbon Budget
R. A. Houghton, Manuel Gloor, Jon Lloyd, and Christopher Potter 409
The Effects of Drought on Amazonian Rain Forests
P. Meir, P. M. Brando, D. Nepstad, S. Vasconcelos, A. C. L. Costa, E. Davidson, S. Almeida, R. A. Fisher, E. D. Sotta, D. Zarin, and G. Cardinot 429
Soil Carbon Dynamics
Susan Trumbore and Plínio Barbosa de Camargo 451
Ecophysiology of Forest and Savanna Vegetation
J. Lloyd, M. L. Goulden, J. P. Ometto, S. Patiño, N. M. Fyllas, and C. A. Quesada 463
Section IV: Surface Water
Surface Waters in Amazonia: Key Findings and Perspectives
John M. Melack, Reynaldo L. Victoria, and Javier Tomasella 485
The Role of Rivers in the Regional Carbon Balance
Jeffrey E. Richey, Alex V. Krusche, Mark S. Johnson, Hillandia B. da Cunha, and Maria V. Ballester 489
Water and Chemical Budgets at the Catchment Scale Including Nutrient Exports From Intact Forests and Disturbed Landscapes
Javier Tomasella, Christopher Neill, Ricardo Figueiredo, and Antonio D. Nobre 505
Floodplain Ecosystem Processes
John M. Melack, Evlyn M. L. M. Novo, Bruce R. Forsberg, Maria T. F. Piedade, and Laurence Maurice 525
Effects of Climatic Variability and Deforestation on Surface Water Regimes
Marcos Heil Costa, Michael T. Coe, and Jean Loup Guyot 543
Section V: Conclusions and Vision for the Future
Results From LBA and a Vision for Future Amazonian Research
M. Batistella, P. Artaxo, C. Nobre, M. Bustamante, and F. Luizão 555
Index 565
