List of Tables xiii
List of Illustrations xv
Preface xix
Acknowledgments xxi
Introduction xxiii
How SI Units Are Used in This Book xxv
Part 1 Roadmap To Solving Detailing Problems
1 The Design/Detailing Process 3
1-1 Introduction 3
1-2 What Is Detailing? 3
Detailing as a Wicked Problem 4
1-3 The Drawing-Thinking-Drawing Cycle 5
1-4 Process Tools and Techniques 6
Process Tools 6
Practical Tips 8
1-5 Detailing Components and Process 11
The Four Aspects of Detailing 11
The Detailing Process 12
Example 12
1-6 Three Purposes of a Detail 16
Contributes to Design Concept 16
Resolves Problems of Connection or Transition 17
Coordinates with Adjacent Construction 17
1-7 Programmatic Concepts versus Design Concepts 17
2 Constraints 19
2-1 Introduction 19
2-2 Substrates and Adjacent Construction 19
Substrate Material 21
Substrate Condition 21
Substrate Size and Position 21
Substrate Space 21
2-3 Regulatory Requirements 22
Fire Tests for Finish Materials 23
Fire Tests for Construction Assemblies 27
2-4 Budget 28
2-5 Time 29
2-6 Climate 29
2-7 Local Labor Conditions and Trade Practices 29
2-8 Industry Standards 30
2-9 Materials 34
Aesthetic Qualities 35
Function 35
Safety and Health 37
Durability 38
Maintainability 39
Cost and Delivery Time 40
Sustainability 40
3 Function 41
3-1 Introduction 41
3-2 Concealment and Finish 41
Covering Substrates 41
Covering Joints and Connections 42
Hiding Mechanical and Electrical Services 46
3-3 Human Fit/Object Fit 49
Base Dimensions on Human Size and Reach or Object Size 49
Recognize Differences in Age, Height, Abilities 51
Provide Adjustable Details 52
Provide Alternate Fits 52
3-4 Safety: Protection from Accidental Harm 52
Use Nonslip Flooring 52
Avoid Sharp Edges Close to Human Contact 52
Provide Handrails and Guards When Necessary 53
Design Stairs Correctly 53
Mark Full-Height Glass 55
Avoid Single Steps 55
Avoid Slight Change of Level 55
Use Nontoxic Materials 55
3-5 Security: Protection from Intentional Harm 55
Use Locks, Detection, and Intrusion Alarms as Appropriate 56
Design Physical Barriers for the Level of Security Required 56
Use Electronic Surveillance When Required 56
Use Ballistic-Resistant Assemblies 56
Devise Space Plan for Supervision 57
3-6 Sustainability 58
Detail with Materials That Incorporate as Little Embodied Energy as Possible 58
Use Renewable Materials 59
Use Materials with High Recycled Content 59
When Possible, Use Products or Design Details That Can Reduce Energy Consumption 60
Use Local Materials 60
Use Materials with Low or No VOCs 60
Use Materials with Low Toxicity 60
Design Details and Select Materials to Minimize Moisture Problems 61
Use Durable Materials and Details 61
Design Details to Simplify Maintenance 61
Specify Materials and Design Details to Maximize Recycling Potential 61
Design Details for Reusability 62
3-7 Change and Relocatability 63
Design for Relocating the Detail with the Same User 63
Detail for the Same Function but with a Change in Users 63
Detail for a Change of Function of the Space with Different Users 64
3-8 Fire Resistance 64
Use Noncombustible Materials in Details 64
Limit the Amount of Flammable Materials 64
Use Applied Fire Retardants When Required 64
Use Only Tested and Rated Assemblies and Materials 65
Use Listed or Labeled Components 66
3-9 Acoustical Control 66
Noise Control and Reverberation 66
Transmission Control 68
Vibration and Impact Noise Control 72
3-10 Moisture/Water Resistance 74
Use Nonabsorbent Materials 74
Use Nonferrous Metals 75
Eliminate or Minimize Joints 75
Employ Overlap 75
Use Drips 75
Use the Correct Sealant and Joint Design 75
4 Constructability 77
4-1 Introduction 77
4-2 Structural Requirements 77
Basic Concepts of Structure 78
Use Simple Direct Bearing Connections Whenever Possible 79
Incorporate Beam Action 79
Use the Simplest Connections Possible 80
Use Redundant Connections or Bearing When Required 80
Use Structural Connections Approved by the Manufacturer 80
Use Removable Connections for Reuse Potential 81
4-3 Connections 81
Use the Appropriate Method for Rigid Connections 81
Determine Movable Connection Type Based on Use 82
Minimize Number and Types of Connections 82
Make Connections Accessible 83
4-4 Movement 83
Use Acclimated Materials 84
Use Relieved Backs on Wood 84
Use Control Joints 85
Provide Expansion Joints 85
Use Sliding/Overlapping Joints 86
Use Slip Joints 86
Use Building Expansion Joints 88
Provide Clear Space 88
4-5 Tolerances 89
Provide Shim Space 90
Provide Scribe 91
Use Reveals 91
Use Offsets 92
Use Filler Strips 92
Use Sliding or Overlapping Fit 92
Use Adjustable Connections 92
Give Adequate Clearance and Incorporate Intermediate Attachments 93
4-6 Clearances 93
Allow Space for Working and Assembly 93
Provide Space for Installation of Pieces 93
Allow for Tolerances 93
4-7 Durability 94
Self-Durable 94
Applied Protection 94
4-8 Maintainability 95
Cleanability 95
Adjustability 96
Repair and Replacement 98
4-9 Construction Process 99
Number of Parts 99
Sequence 100
Trade Division of Labor 100
Off-Shelf versus Custom Parts 101
Shop versus Field Fabricated 101
Part 2 elements
5 Dividing And Creating Space With Permanent Barriers 105
5-1 Introduction 105
5-2 Element Concepts 106
5-3 Function 106
5-4 Constraints 107
5-5 Coordination 108
Tolerance Coordination 108
5-6 Methods 109
Planar 109
Panelized 113
Barriers with Openings 118
Translucent 120
Partial Height 126
Thick 129
6 Dividing And Creating Space With Temporary Barriers 133
6-1 Introduction 133
6-2 Element Concepts 134
6-3 Function 135
6-4 Constraints 136
6-5 Coordination 137
6-6 Methods 137
Full Height 138
Partial Height 138
7 Overhead Limits-Ceilings 141
7-1 Introduction 141
7-2 Element Concepts 141
7-3 Function 144
7-4 Constraints 145
7-5 Coordination 146
Sprinkler Spacing 147
HVAC Coordination 148
Tolerance Coordination 149
7-6 Methods 150
Closed 150
Open 155
8 The Ground Plane-Floors, Stairs, And Ramps 159
8-1 Introduction 159
8-2 Element Concepts 159
Flooring 160
Stairs 161
Ramps 161
8-3 Function 162
8-4 Constraints 163
Fire Resistance of Floor Finishes 163
Fire Resistance of Structural Flooring Components 164
Slip Resistance and Tripping 165
Accessibility 165
Code Requirements 165
8-5 Coordination 168
Tolerance Coordination 168
Light Reflectance and Acoustic Coordination 169
8-6 Methods 169
Flooring 169
Handrails, Guards, and Stairways 175
9 Spatial Connection-Openings, Doors, And Glazing 179
9-1 Introduction 179
9-2 Element Concepts 180
Openings 180
Doors 180
Glazing 182
Window Covering 183
9-3 Function 185
9-4 Constraints 186
9-5 Coordination 187
9-6 Methods 187
Doors 187
Glazed Openings 189
Window Coverings 196
Part 3 Transitions
10 Wall Transitions 199
10-1 Introduction 199
10-2 Connections of Major Elements 199
10-3 Wall to Floor 200
Standard Bases 201
Featured Bases 203
Component Bases 208
10-4 Wall to Ceiling 209
Standard Ceiling Transitions 210
Structural Transitions 212
Planar Transitions 215
11 Planar Transitions 219
11-1 Partition to Partition 219
In-Plane Transitions 219
Plain Offsets 221
11-2 Floor to Floor 226
In-Plane Transitions 226
Plain Offset Floors 229
Interrupted Offset 229
11-3 Ceiling to Ceiling 231
In-Plane Transitions 232
Offset Transitions 234
12 Structural Transitions 239
12-1 Introduction 239
12-2 Columns 240
Column-to-Ceiling Transitions 240
Column-to-Floor Transitions 244
Column-to-Beam Transitions 246
12-3 Beams 250
Beam-to-Partition Transitions 250
Beam-to-Ceiling Transitions 252
Beam-to-Beam Transitions 254
12-4 Suspended Objects 255
Thin Supports 256
Clamps 256
Thick Supports 257
Rigid Supports 258
Appendix A: Resources 259
Appendix B: Industry Standards for Interior Materials and Products 261
Index 273
