Part A: Medical Technology Basics
Part A covers the basic concepts of using medical technology for clinical applications. It focuses on its role and significance as well as safety aspects and quality management, and addresses questions of usability. Economic, ethical, and social issues are discussed in detail. Ethical reflections on the relationship between medicine and technology are presented, including also the question of hygiene to protect employees as well as patients in this context.
Chap.1. Technology in Medicine
Chap.2. Medicine Is More Than Applied Technology for Human Beings
Chap.3. Hygiene in Medical Technology
Chap.4. Technical Safety of Electrical Medical Technology Equipment and Systems
Chap.5. Quality Management in Medical Technology
Chap.6. Usability of Medical Devices
Part B: Functional Diagnostics Devices
Functional diagnostics devices are used to display the patient’s status using objective methods. Physicians use many different biosignals to reach a differential diagnosis or control a therapy. Part B presents the different methods and devices used, especially in the fields of cardiology, audiology, neurology, ophthalmology, and pulmonology. The chapters deal with the corresponding methods, devices, and their applications in clinical practice. Basic cardiology diagnostics can determine cardiac electrical action potentials at rest and under stress to assess heart functions. Through pulmonary function tests the functionality of the lungs can be measured. Methods in clinical neurophysiology as enable the physician to evaluate the function of the central and peripheral nervous systems as well as the muscular system. To check the human auditory system, pure-tone audiometry, speech audiometry, impedance audiometry, and evoked potentials are used. This part also covers the
major ophthalmologic techniques, including evaluation techniques for the refractive part of the eye, methods to evaluate the optical nerve, imaging of the retina, and measurement of intraocular pressure. It concludes with functional force assessment of skeletal muscles.
Chap.7. Basic Diagnostics in Cardiology
Chap.8. Pulmonary Function Testing
Chap.9. Devices and Methods in Clinical Neurophysiology
Chap.10. Sleep Diagnostic Systems
Chap.11. Nystagmography
Chap.12. Audiometry
Chap.13. Measurement Techniques in Ophtalmology
Chap.14. Functional Force Assessment of skeletal Muscles
Part C: Medical ImagingThe chapters in Part C present medical imaging as a technique and process used to create images of the human body for clinical purposes. Theoretical, clinical, and scientific knowledge about the different imaging methods and their applications are explained. In Chap. 15, digital radiography in general is discussed,while computed tomography is presented with a focus on the generation and detection of x-rays as well as image reconstruction in Chap. 16, followed by chapters on interventional radiology procedures such as digital subtraction angiography and cone-beam computed tomography, including navigation. Further chapters are devoted to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic particle imaging, and MR guided interventions and surgery. MRI components, basic principles, materials, contrast agents, and applications as well as safety aspects are also discussed. The use of infrared radiation for imaging variations in skin temperature related to local metabolic differences is also included. Finally, endoscopy and ultrasound diagnostics
are presented.
Chap.15. Digital Radiography
Chap.16. Computed Tomography
Chap.17. Ultrasound Diagnostics
Chap.18. Medical Infrared Imaging
Chap.19. Endoscopy
Chap.20. Cone-Beam Computed Tomography and Navigation
Chap.21. Interventional Radiology - Angiography
Chap.22. Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS)
Chap.23. Magnetic Resonance ImagingChap.24. Magnetic Particle Imaging
Chap.25. MR-Guided Interventions and Surgery
Chap.26. Devices and Materials in MRI
Part D: Therapeutic DevicesPart D consists of chapters describing real therapeutic devices, and chapters which give an overview of different systems for rehabilitation. The chapters present therapeutic devices including long-term ventilators for intensive therapy, inhalation anesthesia devices, extra corporeal blood purification systems, and heartlung machines as well as medical radiation therapy, including its planning and treatment. Additionally, defibrillators and implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) systems, laser systems, mechanical circulator support systems as well as the application of shockwaves and pressure pulses are highlighted. The chapters on rehabilitation give an overview of various systems related to the theoretical and applied knowledge of functional electrical stimulation in rehabilitation as well as neural interfaces for implanted stimulators. A short summary of neuoprosthetics and implantable microsystems is also included. Additionally, examples of commercially available devices and systems are illustrated. Cardiac devices, cardiac pacemaker systems, and testing devices including those for biological factors are discussed. Different visual prostheses are presented, together with a concluding chapter on rehabilitation and therapeutic robotics.
Chap.27. Long-Term Ventilators for Intensive Therapy
Chap.28. Defibrillators and ICD Systems
Chap.29. Laser Systems
Chap.30. Inhalational Anesthesia Devices
Chap.31. Extracorporeal Blood Purification Systems
Chap.32. Heart-Lung Machines
Chap.33. Application of Shock Waves and Pressure Pulses in Medicine
Chap.34. High-Frequency Surgery
Chap.35. Medical Radiation Therapy
Chap.36. Medical Circulatory Support Systems
Chap.37. Neural Interfaces for Implanted Stimulators
Chap.38. Cardiac Pacemaker Systems
Chap.39. Introduction to Neuroprosthetics
Chap.40. Implantable Microsystems
Chap.41. Visual Prostheses
Chap.42. Rehabilitation and Therapeutic Robotics
Chap.43. Cardiac Devices and Testing
Chap.44. Functional Electrical Stimulation in Rehabilitation and Neurorehabilitation
Chap.45. Treatment Planning and Patient Treatment
Part E: Monitoring
The chapters in Part E outline different monitoring methods. First, the scientific
and theoretical foundations of recording and processing of biosignals as well as the different monitoring systems are treated. The topics addressed include theories, methods, and applications of cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic, cerebral, fetal, and neonatal monitoring systems. The basic principles, sensors, and devices are described. One chapter is devoted to each of these topics. This part concludes with chapters on intraoperative neuromonitoring and ionic neural sensing.
Chap.46. Recording and Processing of Biosignals
Chap.47. Monitoring Systems
Chap.48. Cardiovascular Monitoring
Chap.49. Respiratory Monitoring and Pulse Oximetry
Chap.50. Temperature Monitoring
Chap.51. Cerebral Monitoring
Chap.52. Brain Computer Interface
Chap.53. Fetal Monitoring
Chap.54. Neonatal Monitoring
Chap.55. Intraoperative Neuromonitoring
Chap.56. Ionic Neural Sensing
Part F: Medical Information Processing and Communication
Part F covers a wide range of different medical information processing and communication systems, including telemedicine. The first chapter provides basic knowledge by concentrating on the fusion of medical engineering and information. Standards for interfaces, data structures, and their integration into medical devices are discussed. Communicating medical systems, networks, hospital information systems, radiology information systems, and picture archiving and communication systems are outlined, as they form the backbone of modern hospitals. Chapters are also devoted to the fundamentals of medical image processing, three-dimensional (3-D) postprocessing, virtual reality, as well as computer-supported teaching and learning systems. As an example for computer modeling in medicine, electrical stimulation of the nervous system is explained. An overview of telemedicine in Germany, e-health systems, and telemedicine using active implantes completes this part.
Chap.57. Fusing Medical Engineering and Information Technology
Chap.58. Communication Medical Systems and Networks
Chap.59. Hospital Information Systems
Chap.60. Telemedicine in Germany
Chap.61. Telemedicine Using Active Implants
Chap.62. Fundamentals of Medical Image Processing
Chap.63. Virtual Reality in Medicine
Chap.64. Computer-Supported Teaching and Learning Systems in Medicine
Chap.65. PACS and RIS
Chap.66. 3-D Postprocessing in Virtual Endoscopy
Chap.67. e-Health - Ambiant Assisted Living and Personal Health Systems
Chap.68. Electrical Stimulation of the Nervous System
Part G: Equipment and Tools
The last part of the Handbook is concerned with different innovative types of equipment and tools for medical use. It starts with a description of operating tables as the surgeon’s workplace, and surgical scissors. Technical aspects of medical robotics and its clinical application follow. Incubators are presented as devices to stabilize and maintain the thermal balance of premature and newborn babies. Tools such as intelligent textiles and electronics in medicine are discussed.
Chap.69. Operating Tables
Chap.70. Medical Robotics
Chap.71. Incubators
Chap.72. Surgical Scissors
Chap.73. Intelligent Textiles and Trends
Chap.74. Electronics in Medicine
Appendix.- About the Authors.- Subject Index
