and Overview.- I Measurement of Output Decline.- 1 The Impact of National Accounting Systems on Growth Rates.- 2 The Irregular Economy in Transition: Features, Measurement, and Scope.- 3 Interpreting the Decline of “Output” and the Prospects for “Recovery”.- II Causes of Output Decline.- 4 Common Causes or Structural Adjustment? Output Decline in Eastern Europe and Poland.- 5 Supply and Demand Factors in Output Decline in Central and Eastern Europe.- 6 The Impact of the Soviet Trade Shock on Central and East European Economies.- 7 The Effects of the Demise of the CMEA and the USSR on Output in Hungary.- 8 Inter-enterprise Arrears in Economies in Transition.- 9 The Financial Situation and Bad Debts of Enterprises in Poland.- 10 Output Decline and Government Expenditures in European Transition Economies.- 11 Output and Employment in Private and Non-private Businesses in Hungary: 1990-1992.- III Policy Issues of Output Decline.- 12 Output Decline and the Dynamics of Privatization in the Czech Republic.- III Policy Issues of Output Decline.- 13 Output Decline and Recovery in Central and Eastern Europe: The Role of Incentives.- 14 Opening Western Markets: The European Community’s Response.- 15 Disinflation Without Output Decline: Tales of Exchange-Rate-Based Stabilizations.- Summary: Output Decline in Eastern Europe — Summing up the Debate.