Preface xv
Part 1: Fundamental Methodologies 1
1 Layered Double Hydroxides and the Environment: An Overview 3
Amita Jaiswal, Ravindra Kumar Gautam and Mahesh Chandra Chattopadhyaya
1.1 Introduction 4
1.2 Structure of Layered Double Hydroxides 4
1.3 Properties of Layered Double Hydroxides 6
1.4 Synthesis of Layered Double Hydroxides 7
1.5 Characterization of Layered Double Hydroxides 11
1.6 Applications of Layered Double Hydroxides 13
1.7 Conclusions 19
Acknowledgements 19
References 20
2 Improvement of the Corrosion Resistance of Aluminium Alloys Applying Different Types of Silanes 27
Anca-Iulia Stoica, Norica Carmen Godja, Andje Stankovic, Matthias Polzler, Erich Kny and Christoph Kleber
2.1 Introduction 28
2.2 Silanes for Surface Treatment 31
2.3 Materials, Methods and Experimentals 40
2.4 Surface Analytics 42
2.5 Results and Discussion 43
2.6 Conclusions 56
Acknowledgements 57
References 57
3 New Generation Material for the Removal of Arsenic from Water 61
Dinesh Kumar and Vaishali Tomar
3.1 Introduction 62
3.2 Arsenic Desorption/Sorbent Regeneration 76
3.3 Conclusions 78
Acknowledgement 79
References 79
4 Prediction and Optimization of Heavy Clay Products Quality 87
Milica Arsenovic, Lato Pezo, Lidija Mancic and Zagorka Radojevic
4.1 Introduction 87
4.2 Materials and Methods 89
4.3 Results and Discussions 94
4.4 Conclusions 117
Acknowledgement 118
References 118
5 Enhancement of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Sugar Palm Fiber via Vacuum Resin Impregnation 121
M.R. Ishak, Z. Leman, S.M. Sapuan, M.Z.A. Rahman and U.M.K. Anwar
5.1 Introduction 122
5.2 Experimental 123
5.3 Results and Discussion 125
5.4 Conclusions 138
Acknowledgments 139
References 139
6 Environmentally-Friendly Acrylates-Based Polymer Latices 145
Sweta Shukla and J.S.P. Rai
6.1 Introduction 146
6.2 Polymerization Techniques 154
References 170
Part 2: Inventive Nanotechnology 177
7 Nanoparticles for Trace Analysis of Toxins: Present and Future Scenario 179
Anupreet Kaur and Shivender Singh Saini
7.1 Introduction 179
7.2 Nanoremediation Using TiO2 Nanoparticles 180
7.3 Gold Nanoparticles for Nanoremediation 183
7.4 Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles 184
7.5 Silicon Oxide Nanoparticles for Nanoremediation 187
7.6 Other Materials for Nanoremediation 190
7.7 Conclusion 193
References 193
8 Recent Developments in Gold Nanomaterial Catalysts for Oxidation Reaction through Green and
Sustainable Routes 197
Biswajit Chowdhury, Chiranjit Santra, Sandip Mandal and Rawesh Kumar
8.1 Introduction 198
8.2 Propylene Epoxidation Reaction 202
8.3 Reaction Mechanism 211
8.4 Glucose Oxidation 214
8.5 Alcohol Oxidation 225
8.6 Conclusion 234
References 234
9 Nanosized Metal Oxide-Based Adsorbents for Heavy Metal Removal: A Review 243
Deepak Pathania and Pardeep Singh
9.1 Introduction 244
9.2 Nanosized Metal Oxide 246
9.3 Hybrid Adsorbents 253
9.4 Conclusion 258
References 258
10 Future Prospects of Phytosynthesized Transition Metal Nanoparticles as Novel Functional Agents for Textiles 265
Shahid-ul-Islam, Mohammad Shahid and Faqeer Mohammad
10.1 Introduction 266
10.2 Synthesis of Transition Metal Nanoparticle Using Various Plant Parts 266
10.3 Proposed Mechanisms 279
10.4 Transition Metal Nanoparticles as Novel Antimicrobial Agents for Textile Modifications 282
10.5 Concluding Remarks and Future Aspects 284
References 285
11 Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles for Heavy Metal Removal from Aqueous Solutions: Kinetics
and Equilibrium Modeling 291
Ravindra Kumar Gautam, Amita Jaiswal and Mahesh Chandra Chattopadhyaya
11.1 Introduction 291
11.2 Sources of Heavy Metals in the Environment 292
11.3 Toxicity to Human Health and Ecosystems 299
11.4 Magnetic Nanoparticles 303
11.5 Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles 304
11.6 Magnetic Nanoparticles in Wastewater Treatment 310
11.7 Modeling of Adsorption: Kinetic and Isotherm Models 316
11.8 Thermodynamic Analysis 322
11.9 Metal Recovery and Regeneration of Magnetic Nanoparticles 323
11.10 Conclusions 324
Acknowledgements 325
References 325
12 Potential Application of Nanoparticles as Antipathogens 333
Pratima Chauhan, Mini Mishra and Deepika Gupta
12.1 Introduction 333
12.2 Applications of Nanoparticles 336
12.3 Nanoparticles in Biology 340
12.4 Uses and Advantages of Nanoparticles in Medicine 341
12.5 Antibacterial Properties of Nanomaterials 342
12.6 Antiviral properties of Nanoparticles 345
12.7 Antifungal Activity 348
12.8 Mechanism of Action of Nanoparticle inside the Body 349
12.9 Detecting the Antipathogenicity of Nanoparticles on Microorganisms in Vitro 350
12.10 Types of Nanoparticles 351
12.11 Synthesis of Nanoparticles by Conventional Methods 351
12.12 Biological Synthesis of Nanoparticles 353
12.13 Characterizations of Nanoparticles 355
12.14 Biocompatibility of Nanoparticles 356
12.15 Toxic Effects of Nanoparticles 356
12.16 Conclusion 359
References 360
13 Gas Barrier Properties of Biopolymer-Based Nanocomposites: Application in Food Packaging 369
Sarat Kumar Swain
13.1 Introduction 370
13.2 Experimental 372
13.3 Objective 372
13.4 Background of Food Packaging 373
13.5 Conclusion 382
References 382
14 Application of Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles for Environmental Clean Up 385
Ritu Singh and Virendra Misra
14.1 Introduction 386
14.2 Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles: A Versatile Tool for Environmental Clean Up 388
14.3 Reduction Mechanisms and Pathways 406
14.4 Pilot- and Field-Scale Studies 408
14.5 Transport of nFe0 in Environment 410
14.6 Integrated Approach 411
14.7 Challenges Ahead 412
14.8 Concluding Remarks 413
References 414
15 Typical Synthesis and Environmental Application of Novel TiO2 Nanoparticles 421
Tanmay Kumar Ghorai
15.1 Introduction 421
15.2 Use of Different Dyes 424
15.3 Synthetic Methods for Novel Titania Photocatalysts 427
15.4 Novel Chemical Synthesis Routes 438
References 445
16 Zinc Oxide Nanowire Films: Solution Growth, Defect States and Electrical Conductivity 453
Ajay Kushwaha and M. Aslam
16.1 Introduction 453
16.2 Solution Growth of ZnO Nanowire Films 456
16.3 Defects and Photoluminescence Properties of ZnO 465
16.4 Role of Defect States in Electrical Conductivity of ZnO 469
16.5 Defects and Electrical Conductivity of ZnO Nanowire Films 471
16.6 ZnO Nanowires for Energy Conversion Devices 478
References 483
Index 493
