Preface xv
Part 1: Principals and Prospective 1
1 Advances in Sensors? Nanotechnology 3
Ida Tiwari and Manorama Singh
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 What is Nanotechnology? 4
1.3 Significance of Nanotechnology 5
1.4 Synthesis of Nanostructure 5
1.5 Advancements in Sensors' Research Based on Nanotechnology 5
1.6 Use of Nanoparticles 7
1.7 Use of Nanowires and Nanotubes 8
1.8 Use of Porous Silicon 11
1.9 Use of Self-Assembled Nanostructures 12
1.10 Receptor-Ligand Nanoarrays 12
1.11 Characterization of Nanostructures and Nanomaterials 13
1.12 Commercialization Efforts 14
1.13 Future Perspectives 14
References 15
2 Construction of Nanostructures: A Basic Concept Synthesis and Their Applications 19
Rizwan Wahab, Farheen Khan, Nagendra K. Kaushik, Javed Musarrat and Abdulaziz A.Al-Khedhairy
2.1 Introduction 20
2.2 Formation of Zinc Oxide Quantum Dots (ZnO-QDs) and Their Applications 24
2.3 Needle-Shaped Zinc Oxide Nanostructures and Their Growth Mechanism 30
2.4 Flower-Shaped Zinc Oxide Nanostructures and Their Growth Mechanism 37
2.5 Construction of Mixed Shaped Zinc Oxide Nanostructures and Their Growth Mechanicsm 47
2.6 Summary and Future Directions 56
References 57
3 The Role of the Shape in the Design of New Nanoparticles 61
G. Mayeli Estrada-Villegas and Emilio Bucio
3.1 Introduction 62
3.2 The Importance of Shape as Nanocarries 63
3.3 Influence of Shape on Biological Process 65
3.4 Different Shapes of Polymeric Nanoparticles 67
3.5 Different Shapes of Non-Polymeric Nanoparticles 71
3.6 Different Shapes of Polymeric Nanoparticles: Examples 74
3.7 Another Type of Nanoparticles 76
Acknowledgments 80
References 80
4 Molecularly Imprinted Polymer as Advanced Material for Development of Enantioselective Sensing Devices 87
Mahavir Prasad Tiwari and Bhim Bali Prasad
4.1 Introduction 88
4.2 Molecularly Imprinted Chiral Polymers 90
4.3 MIP-Based Chiral Sensing Devices 91
4.4 Conclusion 105
References 105
5 Role of Microwave Sintering in the Preparation of Ferrites for High Frequency Applications 111
S. Bharadwaj and S.R. Murthy
5.1 Microwaves in General 112
5.2 Microwave-Material Interactions 114
5.3 Microwave Sintering 115
5.4 Microwave Equipment 118
5.5 Kitchen Microwave Oven Basic Principle 122
5.6 Microwave Sintering of Ferrites 126
5.7 Microwave Sintering of Garnets 137
5.8 Microwave Sintering of Nanocomposites 138
References 140
Part 2: New Materials and Methods 147
6 Mesoporous Silica: Making "Sense" of Sensors 149
Surender Duhan and Vijay K. Tomer
6.1 Introduction to Sensors 150
6.2 Fundamentals of Humidity Sensors 153
6.3 Types of Humidity Sensors 154
6.4 Humidity Sensing Materials 156
6.5 Issues with Traditional Materials in Sensing Technology 158
6.6 Introduction to Mesoporous Silica 159
6.7 M41S Materials 160
6.8 SBA Materials 162
6.9 Structure of SBA-15 164
6.10 Structure Directing Agents of SBA-15 165
6.11 Factors Affecting Structural Properties and Morphology of SBA-15 169
6.12 Modification of Mesoporous Silica 174
6.13 Characterization Techniques for Mesoporous Materials 177
6.14 Humidity Sensing of SBA-15 184
6.15 Extended Family of Mesoporous Silica 185
6.16 Other Applications of SBA-15 188
6.17 Conclusion 190
References 191
7 Towards Improving the Functionalities of Porous TiO2-Au/Ag Based Materials 193
Monica Baia, Virginia Danciu, Zsolt Pap and Lucian Baia
7.1 Porous Nanostructures Based on Tio2 and Au/Ag Nanoparticles for Environmental Applications 194
7.2 Morphological Particularities of the TiO2-based Aerogels 199
7.3 Designing the TiO2 Porous Nano-architectures for Multiple Applications 201
7.4 Evaluating the Photocatalytic Performances of the TiO2-Au/Ag Porous Nanocomposites for Destroying Water Chemical Pollutants 208
7.5 Testing the Effectiveness of the TiO2-Au/Ag Porous Nanocomposites for Sensing Water Chemical Pollutants by SERS 210
7.6 In-depth Investigations of the Most Efficient Multifunctional TiO2-Au/Ag Porous Nanocomposites 216
7.7 Conclusions 221
Acknowledgments 223
References 223
8 Ferroelectric Glass-Ceramics 229
Viswanathan Kumar
8.1 Introduction 230
8.2 (Ba1-xSrx)TiO3 [BST] Glass-Ceramics 232
8.3 Glass-Ceramic System (1-y) BST: y (B2O3: x SiO2) 234
8.4 Glass-Ceramic System (1-y) BST: y (BaO: Al2O3: 2SiO2) 245
8.5 Comparision of the Two BST Glass-Ceramic Systems 254
8.6 Pb(ZrxTi1-x)TiO3[PZT] Glass-Ceramics 256
References 263
9 NASICON: Synthesis, Structure and Electrical Characterization 265
Umaru Ahmadu
9.1 Introduction 265
9.2 Theretical Survey of Superionic Conduction 268
9.3 NASICON Synthesis 271
9.4 NASICON Structure and Properties 273
9.5 Characterization Techniques 278
9.6 Experimental Results 291
9.7 Problems, Applications, and Prospects 299
9.8 Conclusion 300
Acknowledgments 300
References 300
10 Ionic Liquids 309
Arnab De, Manika Dewan and Subho Mozumdar
10.1 Ionic Liquids: What Are They? 309
10.2 Historical Background 310
10.3 Classification of Ionic Liquids 311
10.4 Properties of Ionic Liquids, Physical and Chemical 314
10.5 Synthesis Methods of Ionic Liquids 323
10.6 Characterization of Ionic Liquids 329
10.7 Major Applications of ILs 330
10.8 ILs in Organic Transformations 331
10.9 ILs for Synthesis and Stabilization of Metal Nanoparticles 339
10.10 Challenges with Ionic Liquids 344
References 346
11 Dendrimers and Hyperbranched Polymers 369
Jyotishmoy Borah and Niranjan Karak
11.1 Introduction 369
11.2 Synthesis of Dendritic Polymers 372
11.3 Characterization 385
11.4 Properties 391
11.5 Applications 398
11.6 Conclusion 403
References 404
Part 3: Advanced Structures and Properties 413
12 Theoretical Investigation of Superconducting State Parameters of Bulk Metallic Glasses 415
Aditya M. Vora
12.1 Introduction 415
12.2 Computational Methodology 417
12.3 Results and Discussion 421
12.4 Conclusions 434
References 434
13 Macroscopic Polarization and Thermal Conductivity of Binary Wurtzite Nitrides 439
Bijaya Kumar Sahoo
13.1 Introduction 440
13.2 The Macroscopic Polarization 441
13.3 Effective Elastic Constant, C44 442
13.4 Group Velocity of Phonons 443
13.5 Phonon Scattering Rates 444
13.6 Thermal Conductivity of InN 445
13.7 Summary 449
References 450
14 Experimental and Theoretical Background to Study Materials 453
Arnab De, Manika Dewan and Subho Mozumdar
14.1 Quasi-Elastic Light Scattering (Photon Correlation Spectroscopy) 453
14.2 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) 456
14.3 Scanning Electron Microscopy [2] 457
14.4 X-ray Diffraction (XRD) 459
14.5 UV-visible Spectroscopy 461
14.6 FT-IR Spectroscopy 462
14.7 NMR Spectroscopy 463
14.8 Mass Spectrometry 464
14.9 Vibrating Sample Magnetometer 465
References 466
15 Graphene and Its Nanocomposites for Gas Sensing Applications 467
Parveen Saini, Tapas Kuila, Sanjit Saha and Naresh Chandra Murmu
15.1 Introduction 468
15.2 Principles of Chemical Sensing by Conducting Nanocomposite Materials 470
15.3 Synthesis of Graphene and Its Nanocomposites 472
15.4 Characterization of Graphene and Its Nanocomposites 473
15.5 Chemical Sensing of Graphene and Its Nanocomposites 477
15.6 Conclusion and Future Aspects 493
Acknowledgements 494
References 494
Index 501
