Produktbild: Wind Energy Handbook, 3rd Edition

Wind Energy Handbook, 3rd Edition

147,99 €

inkl. gesetzl. MwSt., Versandkostenfrei


Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Gebundene Ausgabe

Erscheinungsdatum

13.05.2021

Verlag

John Wiley & Sons Inc

Seitenzahl

1008

Maße (L/B/H)

17,6/25/5,9 cm

Gewicht

1818 g

Auflage

3. Auflage

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-1-119-45109-9

Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Gebundene Ausgabe

Erscheinungsdatum

13.05.2021

Verlag

John Wiley & Sons Inc

Seitenzahl

1008

Maße (L/B/H)

17,6/25/5,9 cm

Gewicht

1818 g

Auflage

3. Auflage

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-1-119-45109-9

Herstelleradresse

Libri GmbH
Europaallee 1
36244 Bad Hersfeld
DE

Email: GPSR Kontakt

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  • Produktbild: Wind Energy Handbook, 3rd Edition
  • About the Authors xxi

    Preface to Second Edition xxiii

    Preface to Third Edition xxv

    Acknowledgements for the First Edition xxix

    Acknowledgements for the Second Edition xxxi

    Acknowledgements for the Third Edition xxxiii

    List of Symbols xxxv

    Figures C1 and C2 -- coordinate systems xlv

    1 Introduction 1

    1.1 Historical development of wind energy 1

    1.2 Modern wind turbines 6

    1.3 Scope of the book 8

    2 The wind resource 11

    2.1 The nature of the wind 11

    2.2 Geographical variation in the wind resource 13

    2.3 Long-term wind speed variations 14

    2.4 Annual and seasonal variations 14

    2.5 Synoptic and diurnal variations 16

    2.6 Turbulence 16

    2.7 Gust wind speeds 30

    2.8 Extreme wind speeds 31

    2.9 Wind speed prediction and forecasting 35

    2.10 Turbulence in complex terrain 37

    3 Aerodynamics of horizontal axis wind turbines 39

    3.1 Introduction 40

    3.2 The actuator disc concept 41

    3.3 Rotor disc theory 45

    3.4 Vortex cylinder model of the actuator disc 49

    3.5 Rotor blade theory (blade-element/momentum theory) 59

    3.6 Actuator line theory, including radial variation 65

    3.7 Breakdown of the momentum theory 66

    3.8 Blade geometry 68

    3.9 The effects of a discrete number of blades 77

    3.10 Stall delay 92

    3.11 Calculated results for an actual turbine 95

    3.12 The performance curves 98

    3.13 Constant rotational speed operation 102

    3.14 Pitch regulation 106

    3.15 Comparison of measured with theoretical performance 107

    3.16 Estimation of energy capture 109

    3.17 Wind turbine aerofoil design 113

    3.18 Add-ons (including blade modifications independent of the main structure) 121

    3.19 Aerodynamic noise 126

    Appendix A.3 Lift and drag of aerofoils 133

    A3.1 Drag 134

    A3.2 The boundary layer 135

    A3.3 Boundary layer separation 136

    A3.4 Laminar and turbulent boundary layers and transition 138

    A3.5 Definition of lift and its relationship to circulation 141

    A3.6 The stalled aerofoil 145

    A3.7 The lift coefficient 145

    A3.8 Aerofoil drag characteristics 147

    4 Further aerodynamic topics for wind turbines 153

    4.1 Introduction 153

    4.2 The aerodynamics of turbines in steady yaw 153

    4.3 Circular wing theory applied to a rotor in yaw 180

    4.4 Unsteady flow 189

    4.5 Unsteady aerofoil aerodynamics 194

    4.6 Dynamic stall 201

    4.7 Computational fluid dynamics 207

    5 Design loads for HAWTs 227

    5.1 National and international standards 227

    5.2 Basis for design loads 228

    5.3 Turbulence and wakes 231

    5.4 Extreme loads 233

    5.5 Fatigue loading 240

    5.6 Stationary blade loading 240

    5.7 Blade loads during operation 248

    5.8 Blade dynamic response 277

    5.9 Blade fatigue stresses 302

    5.10 Hub and low-speed shaft loading 309

    5.11 Nacelle loading 312

    5.12 Tower loading 315

    5.13 Wind turbine dynamic analysis codes 325

    5.14 Extrapolation of extreme loads from simulations 331

    Appendix A.5 Dynamic response of stationary blade in turbulent wind 345

    A5.1 Introduction 345

    A5.2 Frequency response function 345

    A5.3 Resonant displacement response ignoring wind variations along the blade 347

    A5.4 Effect of across wind turbulence distribution on resonant displacement response 349

    A5.5 Resonant root bending moment 352

    A5.6 Root bending moment background response 354

    A5.7 Peak response 355

    A5.8 Bending moments at intermediate blade positions 358

    6 Conceptual design of horizontal axis wind turbines 361

    6.1 Introduction 361

    6.2 Rotor diameter 361

    6.3 Machine rating 370

    6.4 Rotational speed 375

    6.5 Number of blades 379

    6.6 Teetering 388

    6.7 Power control 391

    6.8 Braking systems 398

    6.9 Fixed-speed, two-speed, variable-slip, and variable-speed operation 400

    6.10 Other drive trains and generators 411

    6.11 Drive train mounting arrangement options 419

    6.12 Drive train compliance 425

    6.13 Rotor position with respect to tower 426

    6.14 Tower stiffness 427

    6.15 Multiple rotor structures 430

    6.16 Augmented flow 435

    6.17 Personnel safety and access issues 435

    7 Component design 441

    7.1 Blades 441

    7.2 Pitch bearings 519

    7.3 Rotor hub 521

    7.4 Gearbox 524

    7.5 Generator 537

    7.6 Mechanical brake 548

    7.7 Nacelle bedplate 555

    7.8 Yaw drive 555

    7.9 Tower 558

    7.10 Foundations 570

    8 The controller 579

    8.1 Functions of the wind turbine controller 580

    8.2 Closed-loop control: issues and objectives 583

    8.3 Closed-loop control: general techniques 589

    8.4 Closed-loop control: analytical design methods 617

    8.5 Pitch actuators 629

    8.6 Control system implementation 631

    9 Wake effects and wind farm control 637

    9.1 Introduction 637

    9.2 Wake characteristics 638

    9.3 Active wake control methods 652

    9.4 Wind farm control and the grid system 658

    10 Onshore wind turbine installations and wind farms 665

    10.1 Project development 666

    10.2 Landscape and visual impact assessment 678

    10.3 Noise 687

    10.4 Electromagnetic interference 698

    10.5 Ecological assessment 706

    11 Wind energy and the electric power system 717

    11.1 Introduction 717

    11.2 Wind turbine electrical systems 721

    11.3 Wind farm electrical systems 730

    11.4 Connection of wind farms to distribution networks 735

    11.5 Grid codes and the connection of large wind farms to transmission networks 742

    11.6 Wind energy and the generation system 750

    11.7 Power quality 756

    Appendix A.11 Simple calculations for the connection of wind turbines 766

    A11.1 The per-unit system 766

    A11.2 Power flows, slow voltage variations, and network losses 767

    12 Offshore wind turbines and wind farms 771

    12.1 Offshore wind farms 771

    12.2 The offshore wind resource 776

    12.3 Design loads 781

    12.4 Machine size optimisation 822

    12.5 Reliability of offshore wind turbines 824

    12.6 Fixed support structures -- overview 828

    12.7 Fixed support structures 829

    12.8 Floating support structures 883

    12.9 Environmental assessment of offshore wind farms 908

    12.10 Offshore power collection and transmission systems 913

    References 922

    Appendix A.12 Costs of electricity 931

    A12.1 Levelised cost of electricity 931

    A12.2 Strike price and contract for difference 931

    Index 933