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Semantics

Aus der Reihe Introducing Linguistics

53,99 €

inkl. gesetzl. MwSt., Versandkostenfrei

Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Taschenbuch

Erscheinungsdatum

22.12.2022

Verlag

John Wiley & Sons

Seitenzahl

592

Maße (L/B/H)

17,8/25,3/3,4 cm

Gewicht

1130 g

Auflage

5. Auflage

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-1-119-70985-5

Beschreibung

Produktdetails

Einband

Taschenbuch

Erscheinungsdatum

22.12.2022

Verlag

John Wiley & Sons

Seitenzahl

592

Maße (L/B/H)

17,8/25,3/3,4 cm

Gewicht

1130 g

Auflage

5. Auflage

Sprache

Englisch

ISBN

978-1-119-70985-5

Herstelleradresse

Libri GmbH
Europaallee 1
36244 Bad Hersfeld
DE

Email: gpsr@libri.de

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  • Produktbild: Semantics
  • Produktbild: Semantics

  • List of Figures and Tables

    Preface

    Abbreviations and Symbols

    Part I Preliminaries

    1 Semantics in Linguistics

    1.1 Introduction

    1.2 Semantics and Semiotics

    1.3 Three Challenges in Doing Semantics

    1.4 Meeting the Challenges

    1.5 Semantics in a Model of Grammar

    1.5.1 Introduction

    1.5.2 Word meaning and sentence meaning

    1.6 Some Important Assumptions

    1.6.1 Reference and sense

    1.6.2 Utterances, sentences, and propositions

    1.6.3 Literal and non-literal meaning

    1.6.4 Semantics and pragmatics

    1.7 Summary

    2 Meaning, Thought, and Reality

    2.1 Introduction

    2.2 Reference

    2.2.1 Types of reference

    2.2.2 Names

    2.2.3 Nouns and noun phrases

    2.3 Reference as a Theory of Meaning

    2.4 Mental Representations

    2.4.1 Introduction

    2.4.2 Concepts

    2.4.3 Necessary and sufficient conditions

    2.4.4 Prototypes

    2.4.5 Relations between concepts

    2.4.6 Acquiring concepts

    2.5 Words, Concepts, and Thinking

    2.5.1 Linguistic relativity

    2.5.2 The language of thought hypothesis

    2.5.3 Thought and reality

    2.6 Summary

    Part II Semantic Description

    3 Word Meaning

    3.1 Introduction

    3.2 Words and Grammatical Categories

    3.3 Words and Lexical Items

    3.4 Problems with Pinning Down Word Meaning

    3.5 Lexical Relations

    3.5.1 Homonymy

    3.5.2 Polysemy

    3.5.3 Synonymy

    3.5.4 Opposites (antonymy)

    3.5.5 Hyponymy

    3.5.6 Meronymy

    3.5.7 Member-collection

    3.5.8 Portion-mass

    3.6 Derivational Relations

    3.6.1 Causative verbs

    3.6.2 Agentive nouns

    3.7 Lexical Typology

    3.7.1 Polysemy

    3.7.2 Color terms

    3.7.3 Core vocabulary

    3.7.4 Universal lexemes

    3.8 Lexical Change

    3.8.1 Introduction

    3.8.2 Lexical shifts in meaning

    3.8.3 System shifts in meaning

    3.9 Summary

    4 Sentence Relations and Truth

    4.1 Introduction

    4.2 Logic and Truth

    4.3 Necessary Truth, A Priori Truth, and Analyticity

    4.4 Entailment

    4.5 Presupposition

    4.5.1 Introduction

    4.5.2 Two approaches to presupposition

    4.5.3 Presupposition failure

    4.5.4 Presupposition triggers

    4.5.5 Presuppositions and context

    4.5.6 Pragmatic theories of presupposition

    4.6 Summary

    5 Sentence Semantics 1: Situations

    5.1 Introduction

    5.2 Situation Types

    5.2.1 States

    5.2.2 Dynamic situation types

    5.2.3 A system of situation types

    5.2.4 Tests for situation types

    5.4 Aspect

    5.4.1 Aspect and tense

    5.4.2 Comparing aspect across languages

    5.4.3 Aspect and situation type

    5.5 Modality and Mood

    5.5.1 Modality

    5.5.2 Mood

    5.6 Evidentiality

    5.7 Negation

    5.7.1 Introduction

    5.7.2 Clausal negation

    5.7.3 Constituent negation

    5.7.4 Metalinguistic negation

    5.7.5 Polarity

    5.8 Summary

    6 Sentence Semantics 2: Participants

    6.1 Introduction: Classifying Participants

    6.2 Thematic Roles

    6.3 Grammatical Relations and Thematic Roles

    6.4 Verbs and Thematic Role Grids

    6.5 Problems with Thematic Roles

    6.6 The Motivation for Identifying Thematic Roles

    6.7 Causation

    6.8 Voice

    6.8.1 Passive voice

    6.8.2 Comparing passive constructions across languages

    6.8.3 Middle voice

    6.9 Classifiers and Noun Classes

    6.9.1 Classifiers

    6.9.2 Noun classes

    6.10 Summary

    7 Meaning and Context

    7.1 Introduction

    7.2 Deixis

    7.2.1 Spatial deixis

    7.2.2 Grammaticalization of context

    7.2.3 Extensions of spatial deixis

    7.2.4 Person deixis

    7.2.5 Social deixis

    7.3 Reference and Context

    7.4 Knowledge as Context

    7.4.1 Discourse as context

    7.4.2 Background knowledge as context

    7.4.3 Mutual knowledge

    7.4.4 Giving background knowledge to computers

    7.5 Information Structure

    7.5.1 The information status of nominals

    7.5.2 Focus and topic

    7.5.3 Information structure and comprehension

    7.6 Inference

    7.7 Speech Act Semantics

    7.7.1 Introduction

    7.7.2 Austin's Speech Act Theory

    7.7.3 Evaluating performative utterances

    7.7.4 Explicit and implicit performatives

    7.7.5 Statements as performatives

    7.7.6 Three facets of a speech act

    7.7.7 Indirect speech acts

    7.7.8 Understanding indirect speech acts

    7.7.9 Speech acts: a summary

    7.8 Summary

    Part III Theoretical Approaches

    8 Meaning Components

    8.1 Introduction

    8.2 Lexical Relations in CA

    8.2.1 Binary features

    8.2.2 Redundancy rules

    8.3 Katz's Semantic Theory

    8.3.1 Introduction

    8.3.2 The Katzian dictionary

    8.3.3 Projection rules

    8.4 Grammatical Rules and Semantic Components

    8.4.1 The methodology

    8.4.2 Thematic roles and linking rules

    8.5 Talmy's Typology of Motion Events

    8.6 Jackendoff's Conceptual Structure

    8.6.1 Introduction

    8.6.2 The semantic components

    8.6.3 Localist semantic fields

    8.6.4 Complex events and states

    8.6.5 THINGS: Semantic classes of nominals

    8.6.6 Cross-category generalizations

    8.6.7 Processes of semantic combination

    8.7 Pustejovsky's Generative Lexicon

    8.7.1 Event structure

    8.7.2 Polysemy and Qualia Structure

    8.8 Problems with Components of Meaning

    8.9 Summary

    9 Formal Semantics

    9.1 Introduction

    9.2 Model-Theoretical Semantics

    9.3 Translating English into a Logical Metalanguage

    9.3.1 Introduction

    9.3.2 Simple statements in predicate logic

    9.3.3 Quantifiers in predicate logic

    9.3.4 Some advantages of predicate logic translation

    9.4 The Semantics of the Logical Metalanguage

    9.4.1 Introduction

    9.4.2 The semantic interpretation of predicate logic symbols

    9.4.3 The domain

    9.4.4 The denotation assignment function

    9.5 Checking the Truth-Value of Sentences

    9.5.1 Evaluating a simple statement

    9.5.2 Evaluating a compound sentence with ¿ "and"

    9.5.3 Evaluating sentences with the quantifiers ¿ and ¿

    9.6 Word Meaning: Meaning Postulates

    9.7 Natural Language Quantifiers and Higher-Order Logic

    9.7.1 Restricted quantifiers

    9.7.2 Generalized quantifiers

    9.7.3 The strong/weak distinction and existential there sentences

    9.7.4 Monotonicity and negative polarity items

    9.7.5 Section summary

    9.8 Intensionality

    9.8.1 Introduction

    9.8.2 Modality

    9.8.3 Tense and aspect

    9.9 Dynamic Approaches to Discourse

    9.9.1 Anaphora in and across sentences

    9.9.2 Donkey sentences

    9.9.3 DRT and discourse anaphora

    9.10 Summary

    10 Cognitive Semantics

    10.1 Introduction

    10.2 Categorization

    10.2.1 The rejection of classical categories

    10.2.2 Embodiment and image schemas

    10.2.3 Linguistic and encyclopedic knowledge

    10.3 Polysemy

    10.3.1 Prepositions

    10.3.2 Modal verbs

    10.4 Metaphor

    10.4.1 Introduction

    10.4.2 Conceptual Metaphor Theory

    10.4.3 Features of metaphor

    10.4.4 The influence of metaphor

    10.5 Metonymy

    10.6 Mental Spaces

    10.6.1 Connections between spaces

    10.6.2 Referential opacity

    10.6.3 Presupposition

    10.6.4 Conceptual integration theory

    10.6.5 Section summary

    10.7 Langacker's Cognitive Grammar

    10.7.1 Nouns, verbs, and clauses

    10.7.2 Construal

    10.8 Construction Grammar

    10.9 Summary

    11 Inferential Pragmatics

    11.1 Introduction

    11.2 Propositions

    11.3 Beyond propositions: Grice's conversational implicature

    11.3.1 Introduction

    11.3.2 Grice's maxims of conversational cooperation

    11.4 Generalizing the Gricean Maxims

    11.4.1 Horn's Q and R principles

    11.4.2 Levinson's Q, I and M principles

    11.5 Contextualism

    11.5.1 Sentence and proposition mismatches

    11.5.2 Gradable adjectives

    11.5.3 Unexpressed temporal reference

    11.5.4 Quantifier domain restriction

    11.5.5 Cardinal numbers

    11.5.6 Section summary

    11.6 Relevance Theory

    11.6.1 Introduction

    11.6.2 Explicatures

    11.6.3 Higher level explicatures

    11.6.4 Implicatures

    11.6.5 Implicature and explicature

    11.6.6 Implicated premises and implicated conclusions

    11.7 Lexical Pragmatics

    11.7.1 Introduction

    11.7.2 Polysemy and context

    11.7.3 Microsenses and contextual modulation

    11.7.4 Neo-Gricean lexical pragmatics

    11.7.5 Lexical pragmatics in Relevance Theory

    11.7.6 Section summary

    11.8 Summary

    Solutions to Exercises

    Glossary

    Index