List of Figures xvii
List of Tables xxi
Preface xxiii
Abbreviations xxv
1 Towards a Circular Future: Sustainable Management of Solid Waste Products 1
Deep Gupta and Sudhir Kumar Gaur
1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 Comprehending Solid Waste 7
1.3 Products Derived from Diverse Metabolic Processes in Live Organisms 17
1.4 Hospital Radioactive Waste Products 28
1.5 Electronic Source Waste Products 31
1.6 Global Trends in the Formation and Management of Solid Waste 33
1.7 Challenges in Solid Waste Management 35
1.8 Emerging Trends and Technologies in Solid Waste Management 40
1.9 Policy Recommendations for Fostering a Circular Economy 41
1.10 Strategies for Promoting Sustainable Consumption and Waste Prevention 42
Conclusion 44
References 45
2 Sustainable Integrated Waste Management 49
Paridhi, Sameer and Subhalaxmi Pradhan
2.1 Introduction 50
2.2 Sustainable Waste Management in Practices 53
2.3 Composting 57
2.4 Waste Sorting and Division 59
2.5 Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) 60
2.6 Community Participation and Education 61
2.7 Barriers in Sustainable Waste Management 64
2.8 Solid Waste Management 72
2.9 Role of Integrated Sustainable Waste Management 79
2.10 Progress, Challenges and Path Forward 83
2.11 Conclusion 85
References 86
3 An Insight into the Management of the Biomedical Waste Produced During a Pandemic Like Covid- 19 93
Deeksha Ranjan, Roopali Sharma, Anjali Bhati and Choudhary R.
3.1 Introduction 94
3.2 Biomedical Waste During the Pandemic 97
3.3 Steps Involved in Bio-Medical Waste Management 99
3.4 Segregation of BMW 100
3.5 Treatment, Disinfection and Disposal Methods of Covid- 19 Bmw 103
3.6 Economical and Sustainable Methods of BMW Management 106
3.7 Challenges During Management of COVID-19 Biomedical Waste Management 107
3.8 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 110
References 112
4 Role of Artificial Intelligence in Waste Management 117
Diksha Srivastava
4.1 Introduction 117
4.2 Artificial Intelligence as a Revolutionary Innovation in Waste Management 120
4.3 Smart Bin Systems 122
4.4 Waste Monitoring and Prediction 125
4.5 Waste-Sorting Robots 126
4.6 Chemical Analysis and Waste Treatment 128
4.7 Recycling of Waste Using AI 130
4.8 Limitation and Prospects 131
4.9 Conclusion 132
Bibliography 133
5 Application of Remote Sensing and GIS in Waste Management 139
Tishar Chander and Divya Bajpai Tripathy
5.1 Introduction 139
5.2 AI in Environmental Management and Assessment (Chronology and Advancements) 141
5.3 Environmental Evaluation: Explanation, Expansion, and Employment 144
5.4 Different Approaches of AI in Environmental Remediations 146
5.5 Data Analysis and Machine Learning 153
5.6 Geo Spatial Analysis 156
5.7 GIS Optimization and Various Uses 158
5.8 Application of GIS in Optimizing Solid Waste Collection 161
5.9 Role of GIS for Planning of Waste Disposal 171
5.10 Conclusions 174
References 175
6 Process Engineering and Economical Aspects 183
Priyanka Singh, Meena Choudhary and Ram Bhajan Sahu
6.1 Informal Sector Recycling in Solid Waste Management 184
6.2 Pretreatment Processes for Partially Hydrolysing Solid Waste 186
6.3 Biological Approach for Pretreatment Process 192
6.4 Role of Enzyme Immobilization and Genetic Engineering in Solid Waste Management 200
6.5 Economical Aspects of Solid Waste Management 202
6.6 Cost and Effectiveness of Informal SWM Activities 204
6.7 Recommendations for Specific Policy and Practices 206
6.8 Conclusions 207
References 207
7 Valorization of Biomass Wastes for Energy Production 213
Ankit Tripathi, Anurag, Aarti, Subhalaxmi Pradhan and A. K. Jain
Abbreviations 214
7.1 Introduction 214
7.2 Classification and Potential of Biomass Waste 215
7.3 Thermochemical Conversion Processes 221
7.4 Bioethanol from Lignocellulose 228
7.5 Biodiesel from Biomass 230
7.6 Syngas from Biomass 233
7.7 Biohydrogen from Biomass 235
7.8 Biorefinery Approaches 237
7.9 Economical and Environmental Aspects 238
7.10 Conclusion 244
References 245
8 Valorization of Biowastes for Energy Production Using Halophiles 251
Saloni Singh, Ayushi Goyal and Kakoli Dutt
8.1 Introduction 252
8.2 Biowaste and Its Types 253
8.3 Conversion to Value-Added Products 255
8.4 Biowastes as Energy Reservoir 256
8.5 Niche of Halophiles in Biowaste Valorisation 268
8.6 Conclusion 269
References 269
9 Valorization of Biological Solid Waste for Agricultural Sectors 277
Indu Sharma, Komal Yadav, Khushboo Tamboli, Rajeev Kumar, Tanvi Taneja and Raj Singh
9.1 Introduction 278
9.2 Biomass Sources 280
9.3 Sources and Availability of Biological Solid Waste in Agricultural Sectors 286
9.4 Methods of Biological Solid Waste Management 291
9.5 Valorization 293
9.6 Value-Added Products 294
9.7 Valuable Biomaterials 295
9.8 Biorefinery for Agricultural Food Wastes/By-Products 296
9.9 Biofuel 296
9.10 Valorization of Biowastes for Production of Biofertilizer 298
9.11 Agricultural Waste-Based Organic Fertilizers 298
9.12 Bio-Waste-Derived Fertilizers: Properties and Benefits 300
9.13 Vermicomposting 307
9.14 Biofertilizers 307
9.15 Bioenergy Biofuels 308
9.16 Nanofertilizers 309
9.17 Biofungicides and Valorization 311
9.18 Nanofungicides 313
9.19 Nanopesticides and Plant Protection 314
9.20 Valorization of Biowaste into Biopolymers and Bioplastics 314
9.21 Valorization of Biowaste into Biosurfactants 317
9.22 Valorization Strategies 318
9.23 Environmental Impacts of Biological Solid Waste 319
9.24 Economic, Policy Considerations, Challenges and Opportunities in Biowaste Valorization 319
9.25 Sustainable Solid Waste Management 319
9.26 Benefits of Valorizing Biological Solid Waste for Agricultural Applications 321
9.27 Nanotechnology for Sustainable Bioenergy Production 322
9.28 Future Prospective and Limitations 322
9.29 Conclusion 323
References 324
10 Nanotechnology for Waste Valorization of Sustainable Agriculture 335
Vandana Jhalora, Sonika Kashyap, Riddhi Garg and Renu Bist
10.1 Introduction 336
10.2 Sustainable Agriculture through Advanced Waste Management 337
10.3 Emerging Trends in Nanotechnology for Greener Farming Practices in Sustainable Agriculture 339
10.4 Successful Applications of Nanotechnology in Agricultural By-Products Valorization 344
10.5 Conclusion 349
Bibliography 350
11 Eco-Friendly Nanomaterial: A Sustainable Approach for Heavy Metals Removal from Industrial Wastewater 361
Mahak Kushwaha, Astha Bisht, Yanshi Agrawal, Swati Agarwal and Suphiya Khan
11.1 Introduction 362
11.2 Industrial Wastewater 364
11.3 Techniques Used to Remove Heavy Metals 365
11.4 Types of Nanomaterials 369
11.5 Types of Heavy Metals 378
11.6 Regeneration of Nanomaterials 382
11.7 Conclusion 387
Acknowledgment 388
References 388
12 Regulatory Concerns for Solid Waste Management 397
Anuradha Jayaraman, Sandeep Tripathi and Sanjeevi Ramakrishnan
12.1 Introduction 398
12.2 Current Challenges Associated with Solid Waste Management across Different Regions 402
12.3 Challenges 404
12.4 Waste to Energy 422
12.5 Conclusion 425
References 426
About the Editors 431
Index 433
